Interrogative and Negative Clauses

1 - (QW) AUX/M S V(infinitivo,-ing,-ed) C ?

AUX/M

V(infinitivo,-ing,-ed)

C ?

Does(n't)

this train

to Oxford?

How often

Kim and Tom

travel

around Europe?

Why

didn't

you

come

to Galicia ?

What

did

the doctor

tell

you to do ?

Where

will

they

when...?

Would(n't)

you

to come back to Galicia?

What

should

in my free time?

Who

are

you

meeting

tonight?

When

are

you

coming

back to Burgos?

Isn't

going

to leave?

What

were

you

doing

yesterday at 5?

Why

has/had

Mike

done

this?

How long

have/had

you

been living

here?

Haven't/Hadn't

you

finshed

yet?

2 - Interogatives with verb TO BE

(present simple, past simple ONLY)

(QW)

BE (am, is, are, was, were)

S C?

what

´s

your name ?

where

are

you from?

how old

are

you?

what

‘s

your job?

who

’s

your partner?

What day

today?

What season

it?

When

were

you born?

When

was

your sister born?

Is(n't)

there a problem?

3 - QW as subject

When you ask about the subject there is no auxiliary (Present simple and Past simple) nor subject in the question :

VERB

S C?

Who

did

this?

Who

wrote

this book?

Who

has

just called?

What

happened

yesterday?

Which of them

told

you?

4 - Question Tags

Affirmative sentence, negative auxiliary + subj ?

You ‘re coming back tomorrow, aren’t you?

She’s french, isn’t she?

You like sweets, don’t you ?

They won the match, didn't they?

You've been drinking, haven't you?

They will be here tomorrow, won’t they?

You would do that. wouldn't you?

Negative sentence, affirmative auxiliary +subj ?

You aren't coming back tomorrow, are you?

She’s not french, is she?

You don't like sweets, do you ?

They didn't win the match, did they?

You haven't been drinking, have you?

They won't be here tomorrow, will they?

You wouldn't do that, would you?

Imperative sentences

Let’s do it, shall we ?

4 - Short Answers

These are used to answer "yes" or "no" questions. After "yes" or "no" you can use Subject + Auxiliary/Modal:

Question

Anwser

Are you French?

Yes, I Am. / No, I'm not.

Does he speak English?

Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

Did they speak to him?

Yes, they did. / No, they didn't.

Have you won?

Yes, we have. / No, we haven't.

Should I accept?

Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn't.

Negative Sentences

To form a negative sentence you must use the auxiliary (or modal verb) (according to the tense you choose) and add "not" or the attached contraction "-n't":

am > (a)'m not is > is not / isn't are > are not / aren't

do > do not / don't did > did not / didn't

have > have not / haven't will > will not / won't

would > would not / wouldn't Must> must not / mustn't

can > can not / can't may > may not might > might not

should > should not / shouldn't

Examples

I'm not/wasn't French She isn't/wasn't working at the moment

They aren't/weren't coming tonight We don't care They didn't do it

He hasn't got a car They haven't been sleeping well lately

I won't let you go She wouldn't do that She might not come

Not to + infinitive

To be or not to be, that is the question.

I decided not to go to the party.

I prefer not to do this job.

Try not to be late!

He asked me not to follow him.

Do this little exercice, then write your own examples.

The quantifiers some, any and no are a kind of determiner.

Some is an unspecified quantity. It could be big or small, we don't know. Normally it is "medium".

Any is also an unspecified quantity. It refers to "one, some or all". So it's a quantity from 1 to infinity (∞).

No is easy! No is ZERO (0).

The general rule is that we use some and no in positive (+) sentences and any in question (?) and negative (-) sentences.

Some

example situation

I have some money.

I have $10.

I have no money.

I have $0.

Do you have any money?

Do you have $1 or $10 or $1,000,000?

I don't have any money.

I don't have $1 and I don't have $10 and I don't have $1,000,000. I have $0.

Look at these examples:

He needs some stamps.
I must go home. I have some homework to do.
There were no stamps for the letters.
I have no homework to do so let's go out.
Does he need any stamps?
Do you have any homework to do?
He doesn't need any stamps.
I can stay. I don't have any homework to do.

We use any in a positive sentence when the real sense is negative.

I refused to give them any money. (I did not give them any money)
She finished the test without any difficulty. (she did not have any difficulty)

Sometimes we use some in a question, when we offer or ask for something, when we expect a positive YES answer. (We could say that it is not a real question, because we think we know the answer already.)

Would you like some more tea?
Could I have some sugar, please?

The determiner no is always used in a positive sentence. Do not use it in a negative sentence.

I have no money.
I don't have no money.

However, in informal spoken English you can sometimes hear "no" after a negative verb:

I don't need no doctor! I can't get no satisfaction...

But it is not considered to be "academicaly correct".

"None" means "not one"

-Do you have any qualifications? - I have none.

None of my friends are English.

Interrogative and Negative Clauses

1 - (QW) AUX/M S V(infinitivo,-ing,-ed) C ?

QW (question words)

AUX (auxiliary)

M (modal verb)

S (subject)

V (verb)

C (complement)

2 - Interogatives with verb TO BE

3 - QW as subject

4 - Question Tags

4 - Short Answers

Exercises

Negative Sentences

Examples

The same rules apply to all some-, any-, no- words (INDEFINITE PRONOUNS)

Exercises

*Preguntas frecuentes

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Preguntas frecuentes